Heikin-Ashi

Most profits (and losses) are generated when markets are trending--so predicting trends correctly can be extremely helpful. Many traders use candlestick charts to help them locate such trends amid often erratic market volatility. The Heikin-Ashi technique--"average bar" in Japanese--is one of many techniques used in conjunction with candlestick charts to improve the isolation of trends and to predict future prices.

Calculating the Modified Bars
Normal candlestick charts are composed of a series of open-high-low-close (OHLC) bars set apart by a time series. The Heikin-Ashi technique uses a modified formula:

• xClose = (Open+High+Low+Close)/4
  o Average price of the current bar
  
  
• xOpen = [xOpen(Previous Bar) + Close(Previous Bar)]/2
  o Midpoint of the previous bar
  
  
• xHigh = Max(High, xOpen, xClose)
  o Highest value in the set
  
  
• xLow = Min(Low, xOpen, xClose)
  o Lowest value in the set

Constructing the Chart
The Heikin-Ashi chart is constructed like a regular candlestick chart (except with the new values above). The time series is defined by the user--depending on the type of chart desired (daily, hourly, etc.). The down days are represented by filled bars, while the up days are represented by empty bars. Finally, all of the same candlestick patterns apply.

There are five primary signals that identify trends and buying opportunities:

* Hollow candles with no lower "shadows" indicate a strong uptrend: let your profits ride!
* Hollow candles signify an uptrend: you might want to add to your long position, and exit short positions.
* One candle with a small body surrounded by upper and lower shadows indicates a trend change: risk-loving traders might buy or sell here, while others will wait for confirmation before going short or long.
* Filled candles indicate a downtrend: you might want to add to your short position, and exit long positions.
* Filled candles with no higher shadows identify a strong downtrend: stay short until there's a change in trend.

These signals show that locating trends or opportunities becomes a lot easier with this system. The trends are not interrupted by false signals as often, and are thus more easily spotted. Furthermore, opportunities to buy during times of consolidation are also apparent.

Conclusion
The Heikin-Ashi technique is extremely useful for making candlestick charts more readable--trends can be located more easily, and buying opportunities can be spotted at a glance. The charts are constructed in the same manner as a normal candlestick chart, with the exception of the modified bar formulas. When properly used, this technique can help you spot trends and trend changes from which you can profit!